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Two high-efficient DOPO-based phosphonamidate flame retardants for transparent epoxy resin.
- Source :
- High Performance Polymers; Apr2019, Vol. 31 Issue 3, p249-260, 12p
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- In this work, two kinds of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based phosphonamidate flame retardants named 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl methane (DDM)-DOPO and morpholine (MPL)-DOPO are successfully synthesized by the classic Atherton–Todd reaction, and their chemical structures are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Epoxy composites containing DDM-DOPO or MPL-DOPO are prepared, which still retain relatively high transparency compared with pure epoxy resin (EP). Its fire behavior is studied in terms of vertical burning test (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter tests. The LOI values can achieve 30% and UL-94 test past V-0 rating for DDM-DOPO-modified epoxy composites with 0.25 wt% phosphorus content. The cone calorimeter results indicate that the modified epoxy composites can release less heat and smoke compared with pure EP. Also, thermal degradation behavior and flame-retardant mechanism of epoxy composites are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The results indicate that two DOPO-based phosphonamidates show a significant gaseous-phase effect on reducing the release of combustible volatiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- EPOXY resins
FIREPROOFING agents
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 09540083
- Volume :
- 31
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- High Performance Polymers
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 135266154
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0954008318762037