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General practice for the poor and specialist services for the rich: inequality evidence from a cross-sectional survey on Hangzhou residents, China.
- Source :
- International Journal for Equity in Health; 5/14/2019, Vol. 18 Issue 1, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 1p, 5 Charts, 1 Graph
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Background: Inequalities in health care services are becoming an increasing concern in the world including in China. This study measured the income-related inequalities of residents in Hangzhou of China in access to general practice and specialist care and identified socioeconomic factors associated with such inequalities. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 1048 residents in ten urban communities in Hangzhou, China. The percentage and frequency of respondents visiting general practice (GP) and hospital specialist clinics over the past four weeks prior to the survey were estimated. Income-related inequalities in access to these services were measured by the concentration index. Logistic regression and Poisson regression models were established to decompose the contributions of socioeconomic factors (residency, income, education, marital status, and social health insurance) to the inequalities in the probability and frequency of accessing these services, respectively, after adjustment for the needs factors (age, sex and illness conditions). Results: The GP services were in favor of the poor, with a concentration index of − 0.0464 and − 0.1346 for the probability and frequency of GP visits, respectively. In contrast, the specialist services were in favor of the rich, with a concentration index of 0.1258 and 0.1279 for the probability and frequency of specialist visits, respectively. Income is the biggest contributor to the inequalities, except for the frequency of visits to specialists in which education played the greatest role. Conclusions: Income-related inequalities in GP and specialist care are evident in China. Policy interventions should pay increasing attention to the emergence of a two-tier system, potentially enlarging socioeconomic disparities in health care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- HEALTH services accessibility
FAMILY medicine
AGE distribution
CROSS-sectional method
SURVEYS
SEX distribution
INCOME
QUESTIONNAIRES
HEALTH insurance
HEALTH equity
POVERTY
METROPOLITAN areas
LOGISTIC regression analysis
STATISTICAL models
MARITAL status
POISSON distribution
EDUCATIONAL attainment
PROBABILITY theory
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14759276
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- International Journal for Equity in Health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 136441223
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-0966-6