Satellite Doppler Observations for the Motions of the Oceans.

Adding azimuth diversity to InSAR - for example, with squinted SAR beams - vectors of ocean surface current and wind are measured for each single pass ([13]; [11]), exploring new physical processes including fronts, waves, and submesoscales ([14]; [23]). For both coastal and global scales, the joint measurements of wind, waves, and currents open up great opportunities for science and applications linked to ocean-atmosphere coupling and feedbacks, including the ocean energy cycle, from the wind work to the energy cascade in the ocean circulation. The additional measurement of ocean wave spectra should lead to a better understanding of the relation between currents and waves (e.g., [1]) and their impact on extreme sea states (e.g., [10]) and upper-ocean turbulence ([9], [23]). The processing of existing satellite Doppler radar data to a usable quality level to produce single-component current estimates for dissemination and exploitation by the wider scientific community, including existing I Envisat i , Sentinel-1, and Radarsat data;. [Extracted from the article]