Editorial: Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Their Endogenous Modifying Enzymes: Cancer Players, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.

Immunotherapeutic strategies developed to target GPC3 include peptide vaccines, immunotoxins, monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and engineered T cell therapies. Encouraging results with GPC3 peptide vaccine were observed in patients with HCC and in GPC3-positive advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma in Phase II studies (Shimizu et al.). T cells genetically engineered with a GPC3-CAR (GAP T cells) and a GPC3 peptide vaccine are currently under clinical investigation in pediatric patients with GPC3-positive solid tumors. [Extracted from the article]