AGROTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LANDS FROM THE SOMESAN PLATEAU FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY.

The agrotechnical characterization of lands from the Someşan Plateau targets the knowledge of their restrictions and limitations with the purpose to determine the needs and possibilities of increasing the production capacity, under the conditions of a durable agriculture. The purpose of the paper is the technological characterization of lands and the specification of agrotechnical measures to set up durable agricultural technologies, the determination of indices of characterization of rain aggressiveness (Fournier Index, Modified Fournier Index, Angot Pluviometric Index), of the best sowing time and the amount of active biological temperatures, as well as the degree of water ensurance of plants during the vegetation period. Monitoring and variability of climate elements was achieved during 2014-2018, through a network of 10 HOBO microstations, which store soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m hight), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and rain gauges. According to the values of the Fournier Index, 31.81% of the soils fit in low risk of rain erosivity. At the same time, the values of the Modified Fournier Index in most of the stations are between 90-120 and fit in a moderate rain risk of aggressiveness. The percentage analysis of the values of this index shows that 12.5% of the values crorespond to a low rain risk of aggressiveness, 58.33% of the values correspond to a moderate rain risk of aggressiveness and 29.16% of the values correspond to a high rain risk of aggressiveness. From the percentage analysis of averages of monthly values of the Angot Index it results that 54.9% of the values are subunit and 45.1% of the values are over unity, indicating the fact that drought intervals prevail over rain ones. The analysis of the best sowing time leads to the recommendation to maintain the reference intervals for the Someşan Playeau, thus: maize, 10-25 April; potato, 10-30 March; clover, 1-10 March. An increase of the amount of active biological degrees and the need to remake the zoning of favorability conditions for certain crops, according to the new microclimate conditions of the area is registered. When it comes to the degree of water ensurance of plants during the vegetation period for the main crops, one can notice that during 2014-2018, in the case of spring row crops, the water need was ensured during an optimal interval of 57.14% from the vegetation period in the case of maize, of 53.49% in the case of potato, of 53.57% in the case of clover and of 47.67% in the case of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]