Vertical structure and kinematics of the Galactic outer disk.

We report on measurements of parallax and proper motion for four 22 GHz water maser sources as part of the VERA Outer Rotation Curve project. All the sources show Galactic latitudes of >2° and Galactocentric distances of >11 kpc at the Galactic longitude range of 95° < l < 126°. The sources trace the Galactic warp reaching to 200–400 pc, and also the signature of the warp to 600 pc toward the north Galactic pole. The new results, along with previous results in the literature, show that the maximum height of the Galactic warp increases with Galactocentric distance. Also, we examined velocities perpendicular to the disk for the sample, and found oscillatory behavior between the vertical velocities and Galactic heights. This behavior suggests the existence of bending (vertical density) waves, possibly induced by a perturbing satellite (e.g. the passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]