Multi‐objective restoration optimisation of power systems with battery energy storage systems.

The applications of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in power systems have been paid increasing attention in recent years. Apart from all the benefits that BESSs can bring to the power systems, their potential applications in assisting power system restoration after a major blackout have not yet been systematically investigated. The flexible charging and discharging characteristics of BESSs could help maintain the balance between power supply and demand during the system restoration process, thus the recovery speed of the power system concerned after a blackout could be accelerated. Given this background, the applications of BESSs in power system restoration is investigated. First, the potential applications of BESSs during power system restoration process are discussed. A multi‐objective optimisation model is next proposed, aiming at minimising the number of circuit breaker operations and outage durations of both the non‐black‐start generating units and the important loads. Meanwhile, the application of intermittent renewable energy sources for improving power system restoration is also discussed. The operation strategy of BESSs will also be optimised after the system restoration scheme is attained through the multi‐objective optimisation. The proposed method is demonstrated by numerical tests on the IEEE 30‐bus and 162‐bus test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]