Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from pastures can vary significantly depending on soil and environmental conditions, nitrogen (N) input, as well as the plant's ability to take up the N. We tested the hypothesis that legume-based N sources are characterized by significantly lower emission factors than mineral N based dairy systems. Therefore, this study monitored N₂O emissions for a minimum of 100 days and up to two growing seasons across a gradient of plant species diversity. Emissions were measured from both grazed pastures and a controlled application of urine and dung using the static chamber method. About 90% of the simulated experiments' accumulated N₂O emissions occurred during the first 60–75 days. The average accumulated N₂O emissions were 0.11, 0.87, 0.99, and 0.21 kg ha⁻¹ for control, dung, urine patches, and grazed pastures, respectively. The N uptake efficiency at the excreta patch scale was about 70% for both dung and urine. The highest N₂O-N emission factor was less than half compared with the IPCC default (0.3 vs. 0.77), suggesting an overestimation of N₂O-N emissions from organically managed pastures in temperate climates. Plant diversity showed no significant effect on N₂O emission. However, functional groups were significant (p < 0.05). We concluded that legume-containing pasture systems without a fertilizer addition generally appear capable of utilizing nitrogen inputs from excreta patches efficiently, resulting in low N₂O emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]