At the frontier of climate change: Red alert from the European Alps, the Arctic and coral reefs: This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Climate change impacts.

The results from these and other research efforts are used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to regularly publish state-of-the-art climate change updates, such as the recent special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate (IPCC [14]). Theme: Climate change impacts At the frontier of climate change: Red alert from the European Alps, the Arctic and coral reefs: This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. The effects of climate change are also evident in coral reefs around the world, where rising sea surface temperatures cause increasingly frequent and damaging bleaching events (Goreau and Hayes [8]). [Extracted from the article]