Material efficiency for climate change mitigation.

"[A]ny legitimate pathway to net-zero GHG emissions must include significant changes to the ways societies manufacture and utilize materials. The authors reviewed strategies to achieve emission reductions in the EU steel industry through ME, direct energy and GHG emissions efficiency, or a combination of both. The authors explore optimal product lifespans for minimizing the life-cycle GHG emissions of each technology, which can help consumers make optimal product replacement decisions. The production of materials accounts for nearly one quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (IRP, 2020). [Extracted from the article]