Integrated technologies and the simulation analysis of hybrid electric motorcycles.

Pollution that comes from vehicles is the most significant cause in the ecosystem and is increasing every day. This leads to several environmental challenges, including global warming in which Plants and animals are affected significantly. The hybrid E-motorcycle (HE-M) is a technology that helps sort out these kinds of issues. Two or three power sources for complete rechargeable combustion are used in the hybrid electric motor. This paper used two independent electric power units: the drive unit and the integrated circuit (IC) motor unit. One power unit can be used up to 50–90 km from the electric drive and its eco-friendliness motor. It can be converted to an IC motor that makes the motorcycle more flexible, high-speed and long-distance operations. The initial motorcycle is fitted with continuous variable transmission. HE-M has been introduced to overcome the drawbacks and achieve high automatic mode performance. This paper consists of three HE-M modes, two energy management techniques applied, the HE-M servo motor control system and liquid crystal display monitor are addressed. Furthermore, road testing results explicitly demonstrate that the motor's pollutant emissions can be minimized at lower speeds or in operation causes and significantly enhanced by inadequate cruising space for electric motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]