Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of the Late Cretaceous Alkaline Basalts in the Zongzhuo Formation Located in the Mid-eastern Region of the Tethys Himalaya.

The Tethys Himalaya tectonic belt has long been a passive continental margin north of Gondwana, commonly known as the Tethys Himalaya, which Indo-Asian collision orogeny developed until the Cenozoic era. It is of great scientific significance to determine its geo-tectonic evolution over geological history. Therefore, to reveal the geodynamic background of the Late Cretaceous Tethys Himalaya and its internal connection with the subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean, in this study, we analysed the petrology, and whole-rock geochemistryof the Zongzhuo Formation basalt, which is widely distributed in the Tethys Himalaya Rongbu area. Further, we investigated the basalt types, magma source, tectonic setting and causes that gave rise to the Zongzhuo Formation to further research on the evolution of the Tethys Himalaya tectonic domain. The Zongzhuo Formation features a basalt set of compatible elements and is characterised by low Cr (average: 86.838 ppm) and enrichment of high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta and Hf). The characteristics of the major elements, i.e. high TFeO (average: 10.43 wt %), TiO₂ (average: 3.44 wt %) and P₂O₅ (average: 0.47 wt %), indicate an oceanic–island–basalt (OIB) geochemical signature with obvious light REE and heavy REE fractionation. The characteristics of the trace elements confirm the alkalinity of the Zongzhuo Formation basalts. Based on these results, the Zongzhuo Formation basalt was assigned to within–plate OIB. The magma might be the metasomatism products of the oceanic lithosphere mantle with low crystal fractionation and no crustal contamination, its tectonic background includes a passive–to–active transformation in the continental margin. By analysing the Tethys Himalaya belt in the south of Tibet, we concluded that the Zongzhuo Formation basalt strata in the Rongbu area were likely formed owing to Mesozoic volcanic activity and the extension and thinning of the Tethys Himalaya in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]