Moral Bias and Social Change.

The article is concerned with Two Principles of social change. The Two Principles centered significantly about a persistent moral bias. Authors witnessed a number of historical instances in civilized society where moral ideas, as well as institutions, seemed distorted by this bias, exhibiting a dramatic partiality towards either the social or individual values. The first of the Two Principles dealt with the emergence of a new kind of morality from a biased institutional order. The second was concerned with how such ideals affect institutions. The cases studied suggested that Compensatory Moral Ideals, reflecting principally values lacking, rather than present, in the existing order, tend to make existing institutions appear immoral, and to direct social reform towards a new order compatible with the values embodied in the Compensatory Moral Ideals. The value of a theoretical construct depends upon in interpreting fact. The Two Principles are, of course, merely hypothetical and must be justified by their usefulness, if possible, in illuminating and rendering intelligible moral history and related problems.