Emergency urolithiasis management at a national level: exploring the need for a care pathway.

Background: Urolithiasis is a common urological presentation¹. A total of 25–49 million people in Europe live with symptomatic stone disease, with the incidence increasing¹. Aims: To examine length of stay (LOS) and transfer patterns for patients presenting with urolithiasis to Irish Model 2/3 hospitals without a specialist urology service, compared with those who present to a model 4 hospital with an on-site urology service. Methods: Using the National Quality Assurance & Improvement System (NQAIS), we assessed patients presenting with urolithiasis, nationally from January 2016 to December 2019. Results: During the study period, there were 11,856 emergency presentations with urolithiasis. A total of 6510 (54.9%) presented to model 4 hospitals, while 5346 (45.1%) presented to model 2/3 hospitals. A total of 874 (16.35%) patients required transfer from model 2/3 hospital to a model 4 hospital for further management. Those transferred from model 2/3 hospitals spent a mean of 3.68 days awaiting transfer and had a mean LOS of 3.88 days in the model 4 hospital. A total of 7.56 days compared with a mean LOS of 2.9 days for those presenting directly to a model 4 hospital. Conclusion: At a national level in Ireland, many patients with urolithiasis present to hospitals that are unable to cater for their needs. Patients presenting with urolithiasis to model 2/3 hospitals have significantly longer LOS compared with patients who present directly to a model 4 hospital. A formal 'stone pathway' is required to provide timely care for these patients²—such a pathway would provide better patient care and result in improved bed utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]