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Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoids in the Vines and Leaves of Momordica charantia.
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Feb2022, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p1071-N.PAG, 1p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- The vines and leaves of Momordica charantia L. are used as herbal medicines to treat inflammation-related disorders. However, their safety profile remains uncharacterized, and the constituents in their extracts that exert anti-inflammatory and adverse effects remain unclear. This study isolated the characteristic cucurbitane-type triterpenoid species in the vines and leaves of M. charantia L. and analyzed their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and underlying mechanisms. Four structurally related triterpenoids—momordicines I, II, IV, and (23E) 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD)—were isolated from the triterpenoid-rich fractions of extracts from the vines and leaves of M. charantia. Momordicine I was cytotoxic on normal cells, momordicine II exerted milder cytotoxicity, and momordicine IV and TCD had no obvious adverse effects on cell growth. TCD had anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, TCD inhibited the inhibitor kappa B kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38. Thus, the vines and leaves of M. charantia should be used with caution. An extraction protocol that can enrich TCD but remove momordicine I would likely enhance the safety of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- NUCLEAR factor E2 related factor
MOMORDICA charantia
TRITERPENOIDS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 155245940
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031071