More key players in the game for myeloma prognosis and therapy.

Multiple myeloma, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), ICOS ligand (ICOSL), soluble ICOS, soluble ICOSL, osteopontin Keywords: multiple myeloma; inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS); ICOS ligand (ICOSL); soluble ICOS; soluble ICOSL; osteopontin EN multiple myeloma inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) ICOS ligand (ICOSL) soluble ICOS soluble ICOSL osteopontin 1288 1289 2 03/22/22 20220315 NES 220315 INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of bone marrow plasma cells that often develops from premalignant monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) through an intermediate stage known as smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM).1,2 MGUS and SMM are asymptomatic, whereas symptomatic patients with MM have one or more CRAB criteria (hypercalcaemia, renal failure, anaemia, and/or bone lesions). Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS ligand are novel players in the multiple-myeloma microenvironment. [Extracted from the article]