Workers against the City: The Fight for Free Speech in Hague v. CIO.

The legal strategy failed, as Judge Clark ruled in favor of the CIO and the ACLU and ruled that not only had Hague and his police acted illegally but also that the local ordinances from 1924, 1930, and 1935 were all unconstitutional. Donald R. Rogers sets out to provide a historiographical corrective by situating Hague and his legal battles with the Committee for Industrial Organization / Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) within the larger contexts of the era. Rogers argues, however, that "the grand economic, political, and legal realities of the 1930s [were] as much responsible for the CIO-Hague conflict as were the mayor's abuses and the CIO-ACLU efforts to stop him" (6). [Extracted from the article]