X‐ray irradiation of three planets around Hyades star K2‐136.

We study the X‐ray irradiation and likely photoevaporation of the three planets around the star K2‐136. These are the Earth‐sized K2‐136 b, the mini‐Neptune K2‐136 c, and the super‐Earth K2‐136 d. XMM‐Newton observations of the star indicate an X‐ray luminosity of (1.18±0.1)×1028ergs−1 in the range 0.15–2.4 keV, resulting in an activity of LX/Lbol=(1.80±0.68)×10−5. The evaporation past of the planets were modeled using the XUV stellar tracks by Johnstone, Bartel, & Güdel (2020), the energy‐limited mass loss formulation (Erkaev et al., 2007; Lecavelier Des Etangs, 2007), and the thermal evolution formulation by Lopez & Fortney (2014). Our results suggest that planets b and d are most probably purely rocky and have been stripped of their envelopes. On the other hand, planet c likely still has an envelope consisting of 0.8% of the total mass, with its core being relatively large (2.3 RE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]