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Serum metabolomic signatures of plant-based diets and incident chronic kidney disease.
- Source :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; Jul2022, Vol. 116 Issue 1, p151-164, 14p, 6 Charts, 1 Graph
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Background Greater adherence to plant-based diets is associated with a lower risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolomics can help identify blood biomarkers of plant-based diets and enhance understanding of underlying mechanisms. Objectives Using untargeted metabolomics, we aimed to identify metabolites associated with 4 plant-based diet indices (PDIs) (overall PDI, provegetarian diet, healthful PDI, and unhealthful PDI) and incident CKD in 2 subgroups within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Methods We calculated 4 PDIs based on participants' responses on an FFQ. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between 4 PDIs and 374 individual metabolites, adjusting for confounders. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations between PDI-related metabolites and incident CKD. Estimates were meta-analyzed across 2 subgroups (n <subscript>1</subscript> = 1762; n <subscript>2</subscript> = 1960). We calculated C-statistics to assess whether metabolites improved the prediction of those in the highest quintile compared to the lower 4 quintiles of PDIs, and whether PDI- and CKD-related metabolites predicted incident CKD beyond the CKD prediction model. Results We identified 82 significant PDI–metabolite associations (overall PDI = 27; provegetarian = 17; healthful PDI = 20; unhealthful PDI = 18); 11 metabolites overlapped across the overall PDI, provegetarian diet, and healthful PDI. The addition of metabolites improved prediction of those in the highest quintile as opposed to the lower 4 quintiles of PDIs compared with participant characteristics alone (range of differences in C-statistics = 0.026–0.104; P value ≤ 0.001 for all tests). Six PDI-related metabolites (glycerate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, γ-glutamylalanine, γ-glutamylglutamate, γ-glutamylleucine, γ-glutamylvaline), involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and γ-glutamyl peptide metabolism, were significantly associated with incident CKD and improved prediction of incident CKD beyond the CKD prediction model (difference in C-statistics for 6 metabolites = 0.005; P value = 0.006). Conclusions In a community-based study of US adults, we identified metabolites that were related to plant-based diets and predicted incident CKD. These metabolites highlight pathways through which plant-based diets are associated with incident CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00029165
- Volume :
- 116
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 157886159
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac054