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NK cell-mediated immunostimulatory effects of ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit.
- Source :
- BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies; Aug2022, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Background: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a plant that has long been used in various products such as foods and cosmetics. Although noni has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, detailed mechanism at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we focused on understanding as to how noni fruit can positively stimulate body's immune responses. Methods: To do this, an ethanol extract of noni fruit (Mc-fEE) was prepared and administered for 30 days to male C57BL/6 mice for in vivo experiment. NK cell activity and cytokine production level from Mc-fEE-treated mice were analyzed by flowcytometry, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Mc-fEE-triggered molecular events were detected from RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes using Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses. Results: The mRNA expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin families, interferon (IFN)-β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased by Mc-fEE treatment in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 subunits these were enhanced in Mc-fEE-treated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, according to in vivo experiments, it was considered that Mc-fEE can increase the population of splenic NK cells and subsequent upregulation of their cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 cells, a T- cell lymphoma. Conclusion: In this paper, we could confirm that Mc-fEE has remarkable immunostimulatory effects by activation and increase of the NK cell population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- CYTOKINES
FLOW cytometry
INTERLEUKINS
MORINDA citrifolia
IN vivo studies
HIGH performance liquid chromatography
CELL culture
ANIMAL experimentation
WESTERN immunoblotting
KILLER cells
MACROPHAGES
CELL physiology
GENE expression
INTERFERONS
T-test (Statistics)
IMMUNITY
FRUIT
ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
MESSENGER RNA
TUMOR necrosis factors
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
RESEARCH funding
PLANT extracts
POLYMERASE chain reaction
CELL lines
NITRIC oxide
MICE
PHOSPHORYLATION
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 26627671
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 158671334
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03700-3