The Impact of Hydropower Energy in Malaysia Under the EKC Hypothesis: Evidence From Quantile ARDL Approach.

The present study investigates the impact of economic growth, hydropower generation, and urbanization on Malaysia's CO₂ emissions. This study applies Quantile Autoregressive Lagged (QARDL) technique for the period of 1965Q1 to 2018Q4. The Granger-causality in quantiles is applied to confirm the causal nexus among the modeled variables. The outcomes demonstrate that hydropower generation decreases the detrimental effects of CO₂ emissions at the range of high quantile levels. Furthermore, urbanization, except for higher quantiles, exhibits negative impacts on CO₂ emissions. Also, the QARDL coefficients confirm the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis from median to higher quantiles. Besides, the Granger-causality test confirms the two-way causality among CO₂ emissions and hydropower generation in Malaysia's economy and the same for the other series. The policymakers should enhance the market attractiveness of hydropower generation projects through incentives for the investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]