Risk factors, clinical manifestation, precaution, and management of monkeypox.

Illness often starts with flu-like unspecific symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, myalgia, back pain, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy during the initial viral invasion period (lasts between 0 and 5 days). Monkeypox, caused by infection with the monkeypox virus, was a rare disease until several new cases appeared in Europe since May 2022, which is now the epicenter of the outbreak.2 According to the WHO document, over 16,000 cases of monkeypox have been reported in more than 70 countries with the number of cases increasing rapidly. On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) alerted the escalating monkeypox outbreak and declared monkeypox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).1 This rare and urgent designation elicits a constituted threat to global health and calls for a coordinated international response to prevent further spreading and potentially escalating into a pandemic. The US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) recommends standard precautions for all suspected and confirmed cases.17 Since monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease, health providers help relieve symptoms through supportive treatments and the prevention of secondary lesions. [Extracted from the article]