Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation alleviates liver and intestinal injury in parenteral nutrition‐fed piglets.

Objective: Long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) causes PN‐associated liver disease, for which therapeutic approaches are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1258 (LP) on liver and intestinal injury in PN‐fed neonatal piglets. Methods: The piglets received PN with or without oral LP for 14 days. The levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory markers were measured using biochemical kits and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The bile acid (BA) profiles in the liver, serum, and intestinal contents were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The composition of intestinal bacteria was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: LP supplementation was associated with improved markers of liver disease, inflammation, and oxidative stress in PN‐fed piglets. Moreover, markers of intestinal injury and inflammation were alleviated by LP in PN‐fed piglets. Mechanistically, LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in ileal contents and stimulated FGF19 expression in ileal mucosa. Subsequently, it increased the expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP) and inhibited cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression in the liver. Additionally, LP altered the systemic composition and metabolism of BAs. Conclusions: LP alleviated liver and intestinal injury in PN‐fed neonatal piglets by altering the composition of intestinal bacteria and BAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]