The use of automatic measurement techniques in the geotechnical monitoring system of PGE GiEK S.A., KWB Turów branch.

Geotechnical monitoring currently plays a key role in the research of the processes taking place in the ground medium and preventing hazardous events. In the case of open-pit mining, several solutions are commonly used to monitor various geotechnical parameters. However, geotechnical situation is usually assessed based on recorded values of deep and surface displacement, which allow to accurately predict landslides. The measurements are most often carried out manually, which, due to the difficult terrain conditions in the case of open-pit mining, are often timeconsuming and complicated, especially taking into account dangerous landslide movements. Therefore, in order to ensure a higher degree of safety against the risk of landslides, modern solutions are required in the field of geotechnical monitoring. This article presents modern automatic measurement techniques, compares various solutions available on the market and illustrates the benefits of their application in open-pit mining. It also discusses the expansion and modernization of the control and measurement network at KWB Turów, carried out in recent years, as well as the observational method for controlling the efficiency of stackers, developed after the installation of automated measuring stations, with its impact on the geotechnical safety of an internal waste heap. The paper as a case study presents, what a modern and effective geotechnical monitoring system should look like, which in practice will ensure continuous observation of selected parameters and enable a quick response in the event of a landslide threat. Last but not least, the author focuses on the creation of an innovative landslide early warning system, implemented at KWB Turów. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]