Recent Trends in Power Systems Modeling and Analysis.

In turn, this requires the ability to clear overhead line faults, either by means of circuit breakers tailored for HVDC applications, providing adequate breaking current ratings at line voltage [[2]], or by adopting converter topologies intrinsically able to interrupt DC fault currents [[3]], i.e., full-bridge or similar. In [[11]], a different DC breaker architecture based on the superconductive elements' double quench is modeled in the software PSCAD/EMTDC, and the fault current interruption is analyzed for two scenarios, i.e., "larger" and "lower" fault current values. Multiterminal DC (MTDC) systems fault analysis and protection is discussed in several papers, either from the perspective of the system or of its components (i.e., DC breakers) [[5]]. Lacking operational DC circuit breakers, DC cables are the only option for HVDC-VSC transmission, but in some cases, cables might be preferred to overhead lines due to their reduced environmental impact and the rather intricate authorization processes which discourage the realization of new overhead power lines. [Extracted from the article]