Endoscopic‐assisted total maxillectomy with precise surgical margins.

In traditional open maxillectomy, identifying the posterior margin is difficult because of its deep location and bleeding from the pterygoid venous plexus. Here, we present our endoscope‐assisted total en bloc maxillectomy technique and discuss its merits and demerits compared to previously reported methods. We developed an endoscope‐assisted total en bloc maxillectomy procedure. We reviewed a series of total maxillectomies performed with and without endoscopic assistance to verify the advantages of endoscopic assistance over conventional total maxillectomy. We analyzed (1) the precision using the distance of the remaining pterygoid process, (2) the operation time, and (3) blood loss. The length of the remnant pterygoid process was significantly shorter in the endoscopic assistance group. The operation time and blood loss were not significantly different between the two groups. Endoscopic assistance makes total maxillectomy more precise without requiring additional time and is a reasonable option for total maxillectomies. This article supplements the Operative Techniques video presentation, which can be viewed online on Head & Neck'shome page at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097‐0347 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]