Cost-sharing reduction and health service utilisation, health-related lifestyles, and obesity: evidence from the Australian health concession card policy.

Background: The Australian Health Concession Card (HCC) policy aims to improve access to affordable health services and medicines by providing reduced patient cost-sharing. This study explored the association between HCC holding and health service utilisation, as well as health-related lifestyles and obesity in Australian adults. Methods: The Australian National Health Survey data were used to derive three sets of study outcomes. Multivariable generalised linear regression models were used to estimate the association between concessional status and study outcomes after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Results: HCC holders, compared to their non-concessional counterparts, had more visits to GPs (1.01, 95% CI: 0.74–1.30), specialists (0.23, 95% CI: 0.02–0.44), outpatient clinics (0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.31), and had more hospital admissions (0.04, 95% CI: −0.05–0.91). There was no significant difference in visits to doctors and health professionals about mental health problems among HCC holders and their counterparts. Moreover, less HCC holders consumed alcohol on ≥3 days a week (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.93) and had less of an alcohol risk that exceeded the 2001 alcohol guidelines (0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99). Conclusions: This study revealed evidence that reduced patient cost-sharing provided by HCC policy was positively correlated with more health service utilisation after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Strategies to prioritise resources are necessary. The association between patient cost-sharing and health service utilisation are important for health promotion and healthcare resources allocation. This study revealed significant evidence that reduced patient cost-sharing provided by Health Concession Card (HCC) policy was positively correlated with more health service utilisation by Australian adults. Our findings imply that future promotion efforts are warranted to improve mental health services to reach vulnerable groups and integrate needs assessments when allocating limited health service resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]