Fate of Rainfall Over the North Indian States in the 1.5 and 2°C Warming Scenarios.

Rise in mean temperature put a great deal of uncertainty about how weather and climate extremes may play out, particularly in India's varied climatic zones. Consequently, it is important to understand the possible changes in both magnitude and direction of weather and climate extremes like rainfall for different warming levels of 1.5 and 2°C scenarios concerning preindustrial and present levels. Hence in the present study, the precipitation behavior of seven North Indian states that is, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand carefully studied using CMIP5 models. Future projections of precipitation has been done for the Paris Agreement global warming level of 1.5 and 2°C scenarios. Along with model validation and future projections of precipitation, the return period of extreme rainfall is also discussed to understand the behavior of the occurrence of extreme precipitation. Statistical analysis shows that the ensemble means have the least error as compared to the other six CMIP5 models. Therefore, future analysis has been done with the ensemble mean. Our findings show that the precipitation is likely to decrease in the 1.5°C scenarios, while it is likely to increase in the 2°C scenarios. The occurrence and intensity of extreme rainfall events are likely to be more frequent in all the models. The return period of the extreme rainfall events is likely to increase in all the states in both the warming scenarios. A three‐fold rise is likely to increase extreme rainfall events in the 2°C scenario. Key Points: Study performs a detailed analysis of rainfall behavior of the northern states India during preindustrial, present, 1.5 and 2° scenariosSix climate models were selected out of 26 CMIP5 climate models based on the capability of representing the monsoon rainfall over IndiaIn the 2°C scenario, the recurrence period for intense rainfall events will likely to increase by a factor of 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]