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Diffusion Height and Order of Sulfur Dioxide and Bromine Monoxide Plumes from the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption.
- Source :
- Remote Sensing; Mar2023, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p1534, 17p
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- A violent volcanic eruption attracting considerable attention occurred on 15 January 2022 near the South Pacific island nation of Tonga. To investigate its environmental impact, we retrieved the sulfur dioxide (SO<subscript>2</subscript>) and bromine monoxide (BrO) vertical column densities of environmental trace gas monitoring instrument 2 (EMI-2) based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy algorithm. The results showed westward and southeastward transport of principal parts of SO<subscript>2</subscript> and BrO plumes, respectively, from the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption. On 15 January, most of the released SO<subscript>2</subscript> entered the stratosphere (above 20 km) directly and spread rapidly westward (approximately 30 m/s). In contrast, the principal portion of the BrO spread southeastward slowly (approximately 10 m/s) within the 8–15 km altitude layer on 16 January. Our research results also suggest that during the HTHH eruption, BrO was released from the magmatic melt later than SO<subscript>2</subscript>. The total SO<subscript>2</subscript> emissions from this eruption were approximately 0.24 Tg. The majority of SO<subscript>2</subscript> and BrO plumes were transported within the Southern Hemisphere. This study is an important extension to the empirical database of volcanological and magmatic degassing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20724292
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Remote Sensing
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 162814966
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061534