CONSIDERAȚII REFERITOARE LA EVOLUȚIA PLUGULUI MEDIEVAL.

This paper proposes a brief analysis of the literature related to complex plowing implements (ploughs), which had a considerable impact on agriculture, economy and, in general, on ancient human societies. The attempts to classify and analyze these types of agricultural tools are the research results of specialists from related scientific fields (archaeology, history, art history, ethnography, linguistics, geography, etc.). Taking all these contributions regarding the systematization of all informative material into account, the research presents a series of risks, which reside precisely in the subjective nature of such a scientific approach and, mainly, in the lack of documentary and material sources. For these reasons, the functional and formal classification is established as the most flexible, the criteria used in the present study being based mainly on written sources, the archaeological finds of some iron components of plowing implements (ploughshares and coulters), the iconographic representations in religious and secular art, as well as the study of ethnographic material. Obviously, our systematization was also based on the effective and useful classification systems created for the entire European space by scholars such as P. Leser, L. Niederle, B. Brentjes, A. G. Haudricourt and M. J.-B. Delamarre, A. Steensberg A. V. Černetsov, Z. Podwińska, N. A. Demčenko, Ch. Vakarelski, I. Balassa, Ju. A. Krasnov, G. A. Guliev, M. Stará, J. Henning or J. Myrdal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]