Memristive computing in Germany.

Such behaviour is to observe in non-volatile memory (NVM) elements, e.g., in resistive RAMs (ReRAMs), spin-torque transfer (STT)-MRAMs, phase change memory (PCM)-RAMs or polarization-based ferroelectric RAMs (FeRAM). It was in 1971 when Leon Chua concluded by a plausibility consideration based on symmetry that there should exist a fourth fundamental element in electronics in addition to resistance, capacitance and inductance. These properties include, e.g., a pinched hysteresis curve of the current/voltage waveform, i.e., the curve passes through the point of origin in contrast to a usual hysteresis curve (according to a paper title from Leon Chua "if it's pinched, it's a memristor"). [Extracted from the article]