Carsharing in Europe: a critical review of policy, research, innovation, and practice.

Carsharing is often included in packages of measures to encourage a more sustainable mobility. In this paper we determine the key trends and challenges in European carsharing research and innovation. We assess the status and future potential of European carsharing and identify additional research needs. The results show a steady increase in European funding to support urban carsharing projects. This is true for projects studying Information Technology development (i.e. Apps, websites, connected cars, etc). City authorities should conduct an ex-ante analysis before implementing carsharing schemes to ensure it is coordinated with public transport. Monitoring is crucial since carsharing services should contribute to reducing the overall environmental impact of the transport system. City authorities and private providers should collaborate to provide sustainable carsharing schemes that facilitate multimodal travel, lower greenhouse gas emissions, improve urban air quality and provides accessible mobility for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]