Book review: Jarrod Shanahan, Captives: How Rikers Island Took New York City Hostage.

I Captives i ' history of the ongoing fight to control Rikers - and with it, the social order of the city as a whole - weaves in a critical subtheme to do with the jail as a site of diverse modes of knowledge production. On the one hand, Shanahan describes how, with the proposal of the Institute for Behavioral Sciences in 1960, which would bring together new philanthropic and university programming at Rikers, Kross sought to transform the jail into a "center of research and higher education" (p. 85). As Shanahan carefully reconstructs from writing by incarcerated militants, prisoner-led inversions of the DOC's jail as "center of research and higher education" flourished throughout the riots that spread across the jails in 1970. [Extracted from the article]