Springback Investigation of a Thick-Walled Tube Under Combined Torsion-Bending and Internal Pressure by Using Continuum Damage Mechanics.

The choice of material behavior models, as well as the forming procedures such as loadings and their sequences are essential in plastic flow and springback. In this study, the combined torsion and bending of a thick-walled tube under an internal pressure is simulated to predict bending and torsion springback. Continuum Damage Mechanics and the nonlinear kinematic hardening models are assumed and a numerical tool is developed to predict the springback analytically. The numerical model is verified by comparing the experimental results of simultaneous bending and torsion of a pure aluminum tube conducted by Wu et al. (Int J Mech Sci 131–132:191–204, 2017) with the numerical results. The experimental results of Sorour et al. (Thin-Walled Struct 144:106336, 2019), which studied the bending of a tube with internal pads, are also modelled with the present numerical model. The effects of loading sequences on the springback are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]