Multivariate modeling and process optimization of Hg(II) remediation using solvothermal synthesized 2D MX/Fe3O4 by response surface methodology: characteristics and mechanism study.

Two-dimensional MXene with layered structure has recently emerged as a nanomaterial with fascinating characteristics and applicability. Herein, we prepared the newly modified magnetic MXene (MX/Fe₃O₄) nanocomposite using solvothermal approach and investigated its adsorption behavior to study the removal efficiency of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effect of adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dose, time, concentration, and pH were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental data fitted well with quadratic model to predict the optimum conditions for maximum Hg(II) ion removal efficiency which were found to be at adsorbent dose 0.871 g/L, time 103.6 min, concentration 40.17 mg/L, and 6.5 pH respectively. To determine the adequacy of the developed model, a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, which demonstrated high agreement between the experimental data and the suggested model. According to isotherm result, the experimental data were following the best agreement with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The results of the experiments revealed that the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 699.3 mg/g was obtained at optimum conditions, which was closed to the experimental adsorption capacity of 703.57 mg/g. The adsorption phenomena was well represented by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.9983). On the whole, it was clear that MX/Fe₃O₄ has lot of potential as a Hg(II) ion impurity removal agent in aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]