Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems considering time delays and output constraints.

Considering the existence of communication delays, the adaptive fault‐tolerant control problems for constrained multiple Euler–Lagrange systems are considered in this paper. First, a communication delays observer is utilized to enable all followers can acquire the leader's state information. Second, based on neural network technique, two distributed coordinated control schemes are designed to make every follower can track the leader. Compared with the first control algorithm, the adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem is further considered in the second control algorithm. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously compensate the actuator bias faults and the partial loss of actuation effectiveness faults. At the same time, a tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function is used to constrain the tracking errors of all followers and the leader. Finally, the simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]