Epicutaneous immunization inducesαβ T-cell receptor CD4 CD8 double-positive non-specific suppressor T cells that inhibit contact sensitivity via transforming growth factor-β.

Since it was previously shown that protein antigens applied epicutaneously in mice induce allergic dermatitis mediated by production of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines we postulated that this might induce suppression of Th1 immunity. Here we show that epicutaneous immunization of normal mice with a different protein antigen applied on the skin in the form of a patch induces a state of subsequent antigen-non-specific unresponsiveness caused by suppressor T cells (Ts) that inhibit sensitization and elicitation of effector T-cell responses. Suppression is transferablein vivobyαβ-T-cell receptor CD4⁺ CD8⁺ double positive lymphocytes harvested from lymphoid organs of skin patched animals and are not major histocompatibility complex-restricted nor antigen specific. Both CD25⁺ and CD25^– CD4⁺ CD8⁺ T cells are able to suppress adoptive transfer of Th1 effector cells mediating cutaneous contact sensitivity.In vivotreatment with monoclonal antibodies showed that the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are involved in the induction of the Ts cells. Additionally, using IL-10^–/– mice we found that IL-10 is involved in skin induced tolerance. Furtherin vitroexperiments showed that lymph node cells of skin tolerized mice non-specifically suppress[³H]thymidine incorporation by antigen-stimulated immune cells and this effect can be abolished by adding anti-TGF-β, but not anti-IL-4 nor anti-IL-10 antibodies. These studies indicate the crucial role of TGF-β in skin induced tolerance due to non-antigen-specific Ts cells and also show that IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β play an important role in the induction of epicutaneously induced Ts cell suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]