Synthesis of Cd(OH)2-CdO Nanoparticles Using Veldt Grape Leaf Extract: Enhanced Dye Degradation and Microbial Resistance.

This research implies the development of a reliable, inexpensive, better, and eco-friendly way to fabricate Cd(OH)₂ and CdO nanoparticles (NPs) green synthesis approach using three different source materials. The veldt grape leaf acts as a chelating agent. The physical properties of prepared samples were analyzed by various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDAX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis). The investigation of the structural analysis showed the existence of Cd(OH)₂, mixed Cd(OH)₂/CdO and CdO NPs. The optical absorption wavelength at 294 nm in the UV-Vis spectra confirmed the reduction of Cd²⁺ ions. FTIR spectra display the vibrational modes of veldt grape leaf extract involved in chemical bonding and reductions. The EDAX spectrum confirmed the presence of Cd and O elements in the prepared samples. SEM and HRTEM images revealed nanorods, platelet, and spherical morphologies with particle sizes ranging from 5.7 to 29 nm. The photocatalytic activity of prepared NPs was tested by degrading anionic and cationic dyes like Congo red, Methyl orange, and Crystal violet under UV-light irradiation. As well as antimicrobial activity was evaluated against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative Proteus vulgaris, and fungus—Aspergillus niger. Comparing these three products, CdO NPs exhibit high performance on both microbial and photocatalytic activities without a secondary product. Thus, the prepared CdO NPs may further use in sewage treatment and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]