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Opium, phencyclidine, and crack cocaine smoking associations with lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: exploratory findings from a case-control study in Los Angeles County.
- Source :
- American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse; 2023, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p440-449, 10p
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Background: Illicit drug use has become a global epidemic, yet it is unclear if drug smoking increases the risk of tobacco-related cancers. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hypothesized associations between smoking three drugs – opium, phencyclidine (PCP) and crack cocaine and lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Methods: A population-based case-control study with 611 lung cancer cases (50% male), 601 UADT cancers cases (76% male), and 1,040 controls (60% male) was conducted in Los Angeles County (1999–2004). Epidemiologic data including drug smoking histories were collected in face-to-face interviews. Associations were estimated with logistic regressions. Results: Adjusting for potential confounders, ever vs. never crack smoking was positively associated with UADT cancers (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.33), and a dose-response relationship was observed for lifetime smoking frequency (p for trend =.024). Heavy (> median) vs. never crack smoking was associated with UADT cancers (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.08) and lung cancer (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.88, 2.83). A positive association was also observed between heavy PCP smoking and UADT cancers (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.91, 5.79). Little or no associations were found between opium smoking and lung cancer or UADT cancers. Conclusion: The positive associations between illicit drug use and lung and/or UADT cancers suggest that smoking these drugs may increase the risk of tobacco-related cancers. Despite the low frequency of drug smoking and possible residual confounding, our findings may provide additional insights on the development of lung and UADT cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- CRACK cocaine
DRUG abuse
PHENCYCLIDINE
SMOKING
OPIUM
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00952990
- Volume :
- 49
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 170747658
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2023.2220875