Search for 22Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes.

Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions in stellar binary systems, and important sources of ²⁶Al and ²²Na. While γ rays from the decay of the former radioisotope have been observed throughout the Galaxy, ²²Na remains untraceable. Its half-life (2.6 yr) would allow the observation of its 1.275 MeV γ-ray line from a cosmic source. However, the prediction of such an observation requires good knowledge of its nucleosynthesis. The ²²Na(p, γ)²³Mg reaction remains the only source of large uncertainty about the amount of ²²Na ejected. Its rate is dominated by a single resonance on the short-lived state at 7785.0(7) keV in ²³Mg. Here, we propose a combined analysis of particle-particle correlations and velocity-difference profiles to measure femtosecond nuclear lifetimes. The application of this method to the study of the ²³Mg states, places strong limits on the amount of ²²Na produced in novae and constrains its detectability with future space-borne observatories. The authors report a particle-particle correlation and velocity-difference profile method to measure nuclear lifetime. The results obtained for excited states of 23Mg are used to constrain the production of 22Na in the astrophysical novae explosions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]