Understanding the role of droplet clusters in a reactive mixing layer.

Turbulent reactive flows laden with droplets appear in various energy systems but are difficult to understand and parametrize. Such flows involve interactions of turbulent fluctuations, phase changes, and chemical reactions that give rise to complex phenomena. To improve our knowledge, we performed direct numerical simulations of a canonical shear flow. It is composed of a hot, quiescent outer layer and a cold, turbulent inner layer that is laden with droplets. Due to the turbulent fluctuations, the droplets form clusters. Due to the high temperatures, the droplets evaporate quickly and flames emerge spontaneously at the interface of the two layers. We observed premixed flames that enclose droplet clusters and diffusion flames that enclose vapor pockets or single droplets. To examine these flame structures in more detail, we varied the droplet size, droplet loading, and shear rate. We found that the droplet size and droplet loading have significant effects, whereas the shear rate has only subtle effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]