Hearing All Voices to Promote Learning Orientation and Effective Collaboration.

We found that students perceived stronger learning orientation messaging when teachers created a positive social climate focused on science learning and used strategies to support all students' participation and collaboration. In the next section, two teachers who helped co-design M-PLANS share how they use student collaboration to establish foundational structures for a positive classroom community that, in turn, reaps continuous rewards by providing students with a safe environment in which to collaborate in scientific sense-making. This varied not just across different teachers' classrooms but also by lesson; on days when a teacher used more supportive social structures, students perceived a greater emphasis on learning orientation that day compared with other days. After learning about instructional design principles for supporting student motivation, middle school science teachers tried implementing new strategies in their classrooms. [Extracted from the article]