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Phenethylferulate as a natural inhibitor of inflammation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages: focus on NF-κB, Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
- Source :
- BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies; 11/7/2023, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Background: Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (NRR) is commonly used for the treatment of inflammation-linked diseases. Phenethylferulate (PF) is high content in NRR crude, but its anti-inflammatory effect remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of PF and its underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: The effect of PF on cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory properties of PF were studied by detecting the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of PF were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: PF was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages at the concentrations of below 48 μM. ELISA showed that PF conspicuously inhibited overproduction of prostaglandin E<subscript>2</subscript> (PGE<subscript>2</subscript>), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Western blot analysis showed that PF remarkably suppressed overproduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α (IκB-α), protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38, as well as the degradation and subsequent nuclear translocation of p65. Conclusions: PF is a potent inhibitor of inflammation acting on nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. This work provides evidence for the suitability of PF as a therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammatory-mediated immune disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
RODENTS
PROSTAGLANDINS
INTERLEUKINS
CYTOKINES
HERBAL medicine
NITRIC-oxide synthases
CELL culture
INFLAMMATION
ANIMAL experimentation
WESTERN immunoblotting
ONE-way analysis of variance
ANTI-infective agents
MACROPHAGES
NF-kappa B
CELLULAR signal transduction
CELL survival
T-test (Statistics)
ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
TUMOR necrosis factors
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
RESEARCH funding
MITOGEN-activated protein kinases
MOLECULAR structure
BIOLOGICAL assay
DATA analysis software
CHINESE medicine
PHOSPHORYLATION
THERAPEUTICS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 26627671
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 173471711
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04234-y