Optimal Station Placement Method for Three-Station TDOA Localization Under Signal Beam Constraint.

The accuracy of passive localization is impacted by the position of the receiving stations. In practical applications, signal reception is frequently influenced by the emission angle of the target signal, which makes it a challenge to ensure localization accuracy. We present an optimal placement method for TDOA localization with constraints on the signal angle. Firstly, we establish a localization error model based on polar coordinates, which reveals that the localization error is solely dependent on the angular relationships between the target and receiving stations. We determine the optimal locations of the stations without constraints. We then introduce a novel approach where the quarter-angle and one-fifth angle within the emitted beam angle are employed as critical values to determine station placement. Given the constraint of the angle, we use the critical values to evaluate the angular relationship between the station and the target, determining if the station should be positioned on the boundary or on the angle bisector to achieve optimal placement method. Finally, we validate our proposed method through simulations, demonstrating its ability to minimize errors in various scenarios. The method proposed provides an effective solution to the challenge of target localization with constraints on the received signal beam angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]