Tuning the band gap of the CIGS solar buffer layer Cd1−xZnxS (x=0–1) to achieve high efficiency.

To evaluate the impact of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) concentration on the structural properties of the films, Cd_1−xZn_xS thin films were formed on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD) in this study. The effect of ZnSO₄ precursor concentration on the surface morphology, optical properties, and morphological structure of the Cd_1−xZn_xS films was investigated. To study the impact of zinc doping content on the performance metrics of Cu(In_1−xGa_x)Se₂ (CIGS) cells in the experimental group and to improve the buffer layer thickness, simulations were run using one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]