Cellular Impacts of Striatins and the STRIPAK Complex and Their Roles in the Development and Metastasis in Clinical Cancers (Review).

Simple Summary: The STRIPAK (striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase) complex and its central components, striatins (STRNs), have attracted significant interest with regard to the pathological development of diseases over the last decade, particular in the area of cancer research. Beyond their roles in regulating several oncogenic signalling cascades, the clinical relevance of the STRIPAK constituents has intensified research attention towards this supramolecular assembly. However, the complex nature of the complex poses research challenges, and our current understanding provides only a partial view of its functions. As a complex of phosphatases and kinases, its diverse signalling partners further complicate the precise determination of its roles within cancer development. Hence, further research is necessary to unveil and establish its significance as an emerging biomarker. This review consolidates the existing cellular and biological knowledge of STRNs and the STRIPAK members, while also highlighting their demonstrated clinical significance across various cancer types. The current research challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. Striatins (STRNs) are generally considered to be cytoplasmic proteins, with lower expression observed in the nucleus and at cell–cell contact regions. Together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), STRNs form the core region of striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes through the coiled-coil region of STRN proteins, which is crucial for substrate recruitment. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing amount of research into the biological and cellular functions of STRIPAK members. STRNs and the constituent members of the STRIPAK complex have been found to regulate several cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, and motility. Dysregulation of these cellular events is associated with cancer development. Importantly, their roles in cancer cells and clinical cancers are becoming recognised, with several STRIPAK components found to have elevated expression in cancerous tissues compared to healthy tissues. These molecules exhibit significant diagnostic and prognostic value across different cancer types and in metastatic progression. The present review comprehensively summarises and discusses the current knowledge of STRNs and core STRIPAK members, in cancer malignancy, from both cellular and clinical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]