Economic Load Dispatch and Environmental Emission Reduction in Power System Considering Rotational Reserve Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.

Multi-area economic distribution of load (MAED) is a generalization of the basic problems of economic distribution of load (ED), which evaluate the optimal power distribution of multiple areas in terms of operating costs. In the following parts of this paper, the concept of MAED is extended to multi-regional economic/environmental distribution (MAEED) by considering environmental issues. The purpose of MAEED is to distribute power among different areas by minimizing operating costs and emissions at the same time. In this paper, first the MAEED problem was expressed as a formula; then, a multi-objective and advanced particle optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was expressed to deduce its Pareto optimal solutions, during the optimization process. The transmission limits of communication lines were expressed as a set of constraints to ensure the security of the system. In addition, the rotating storage area was to increase the reliability of the system. A reserve sharing pattern was applied to ensure each region's capability to meet reserve demand. The simulation was based on the four-zone experimental power system, and it showed the effect of the proposed optimization process and the effects caused by different issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]