CO 2 Marine Transportation from a Techno-Energetic Perspective †.

CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) is a cornerstone of most proposed carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions strategies, as it is necessary to keep atmospheric CO₂ concentrations below 450 parts per million by the year 2100 and, as such, prevent global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts a removal capacity of 12 GtCO₂/yr by 2050, whereas the present capability is 41 MtCO₂/yr. Decarbonization may not be able to proceed quickly enough to reach net-zero emissions without CCUS technologies. In the maritime sector, CCUS serves a dual purpose: capturing CO₂ from fossil fuel combustion and transporting the captured CO₂ for its storage or utilization. This paper examines the importance of vessels as liquid CO₂ carriers, emphasizing the transportation conditions associated with CO₂. A techno-energetic analysis is carried out by studying various combinations of temperature and pressure. From a transport viewpoint, the findings indicate that reducing CO₂ pressure is more cost-effective. In terms of pre-processing, higher CO₂ pressures may lead to energy and, potentially, cost savings. However, the optimal pressure in the entire logistical chain remains uncertain. Further research is advised to broaden the scope of the chain to be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]