Measuring Effective Indicators for Waste Disposal in Order to Assess the Sustainable Environment: Application of Fuzzy Approach.

Selecting appropriate locations for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management facilities, such as landfills, is an important issue in rapidly developing regions. Multiple alternatives and evaluation attributes need to be analyzed to finalize the locations of these facilities. The selection of a landfill site in an urban area is a critical issue due to the involvement of many parameters. The decisive parameters are environmental, economic, and social, some of them conflicting, making landfill site selection a tedious and complex process. Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approaches are found to be very effective for ranking several potential locations and, hence, selecting the best among them based on the identified attributes. Therefore, this study presents a two-stage MADM model that also accounts for all possible combinations of locations. This study evaluates economic, environmental, social, and technical attributes based on realistic conditions. Based on the results, 15 attributes are first identified through a comprehensive literature review and with the help of municipal officials during field surveys. These attributes are categorized into four types, i.e., economic, technical, environmental, and social, based on their respective propensity. In the second step, a statistical analysis questionnaire was distributed among the study population, and Cronbach's alpha was explained for all four main factors of the study. Therefore, in the last step, the rank of all research variables was calculated using the Nonlinear analysis method. Based on the results of this study, the technical variable was ranked first, the economic variable was ranked second, and the environmental and social variable was ranked third. This article has three theoretical, practical, and technical contributions. Also, this article provides a clear explanation of the theoretical contribution related to the accumulated knowledge, both in the introduction and theoretical background sections of the article. Therefore, studying the past research describes a relatively complete background of the planned theoretical contributions of this article compared to the previous research. Therefore, the theoretical contribution of this article solves the scientific gap about effective indicators for determining the location of waste disposal. From the point of view of practical contribution, this article presents practical concepts related to managers and experts and has practical suggestions presented in the conclusion section. Also, the technical contribution of this article is presented by combining fuzzy logic and Nonlinear mathematical programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]