Photonic Crystal Fibre–Based Plasmon Sensor for Glucose Level Detection in Urine.

This paper introduces a "photonic crystal fibre (PCF)"–based "surface plasmon sensor" that can measure the amount of glucose in urine. The sensor incorporates TiO₂ and gold as plasmonic materials, arranged in layered configurations to enhance performance. The finite element approach is used to simulate the proposed sensor for measuring the amount of glucose in urine. A thin coating of analyte layer is coated over TiO₂ layer of photonic crystal fibre (PCF) to enable external sensing. The sensing capacity is investigated for the four different glucose concentration levels—2.5gm/dl, 5gm/dl, 10gm/dl and 20gm/dl—whose equivalent refractive index (RI) is 1.338, 1.341, 1.346 and 1.358 respectively. A perfectly matched layer (PML) serves as the boundary condition for the topmost layer of the PCF. By varying the geometrical parameters, an optimized structural design is obtained which achieves a wavelength sensitivity of 4583.33 nm/RIU and amplitude sensitivity of 219.065 RIU⁻¹ respectively. Experimental validation for different urine samples demonstrated better accuracy and sensitivity than the available methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]